Mudanças no padrão de distribuição das atividades econômicas no Brasil

Resumo

The objective of this paper is to present, though generally, the changes that occurred In the distribution pattern of economic activities in Brazil, from 1950 to 1970.

The first part focuses on the brazilian five great regions (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Center-West) by means of tables which present indicators of the three sectors of economy. These tables reveal a series of decisions adopted throughout the economic development process, whose most evident example is the substitution of the industrialization process for the imports.

The primary sector is analyzed. by means o! the participation percentage of some of the main agricultural products in relation to the total production value. Significant changes occur at regional level, considerably affecting the national scale.

The secondary sector is examined through the Industrial transformation value of five types of industry. Two of them represent the industries considered as traditional (food and textile) and the other three constitute a greater dynamic process (metal, machinery and. transportation equipment). It is emphasized here that these three last types gradually increase the participation percentages, mainly In the Southeast Region, where one may observe a growing industrial concentration.

The analysis of the tertiary sector is based on the revenue value of some classes o! retail trade and also of those which include the "services rendered" category. In the Southeast Region, there is a high concentration of the revenue of these services, a fact that seems to relate the concentration of the economic activity to the nature of the industrialization process.

The second part consists of a microrregional study where 11 variables and 324 observation units have been submitted to a Factor Analysis. The result of this analysis show the existing relation between urbanization, development and industrialization, and also the already classic contrast "dois Brasis" - a developed nucleus (Center-South) and an underdeveloped periphery (North and Northeast) - which fits into the Center-Periphery model. Finally, these results reveal the gradual transformation of the primary sector, due to expansion of the farming areas. This transformation is not only a response of the agricultural sector to the urbanization phenomenon, but also a consequence of the importance reached in the foreign market by certain products that act as a source of exchange reserves.